I studied about DTD and Schema at w3Cschools tutorials in the class and got to know the following points :

1. Document Type Definition defines the legal building blocks of an XML document.
2. DTD is the grammar of an XML page.
3. If XML document follows the rule listed in the DTD, then the XML document is said to be valid.
4. Elements,entities,attributes and notations are the building blocks of DTD.
5. DTD has two types of data, CDATA and PCDATA.

XML Schema

XML Schema is an XML language to define the structure of an XML document. It is more powerful than DTD as XML schema supports user defined data types and custom data types.

Validation Process in DTD, XML, HTML and XHTML

Validation is the process of checking XML pages or documents against a DTD or Schema.

In DTD validation, the document is checked with the XML parser against the blocks defined in DTD.

In Schema validation, the elements and attributes of a document is checked against the structure defined in Schema.

Comparing DTDs,HTML and XML schema validation process and Relationships they share.

DTDs fall short in validating data types and it does not contain namespace support and XML schema validation process is little complex as compare to DTD validation. Validation process like HTML,DTD and Schema make sure that all the documents follow the specified format and rules.

Mindmap

In starting it was difficult for me to understand the purpose of Mindmap but after looking at mindmap examples done by other classmates and taking help from Internet I came to know that the whole purpose of Mindmap is to organize our thoughts.I have made this mindmap to show what are the available Markup Validation services which we can use on different markup languages.

Reading Beyond Schemas

I am reading it. Its taking too much of my time :(.

Reflective Questions

• data-centric -- Data-centric design focuses on data.
• user-centric -- In user-centric design the needs, wants and limitations of the end user are considered.
• learner-centric -- In a learner-centric design focuses on learner so that Learner can easily follow the information like the Help menu in Windows.